Contents of the Issue<\/p>\n\n
Sylwia Rodak, Ewa Lisowska<\/strong> Osada z m\u0142odszych faz wczesnego \u015bredniowiecza w S\u0142otwinie, pow. \u015awidnicki<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n The paper presents the results of excavation of a\u00a0settlement from the 11th-12th centuries unearthed in S\u0142otwina near \u015awidnica in Lower Silesia. There was excavated more than 500 archaeological features from different epochs, some of them can be considered as the remains of early medieval dwellings and other accompanying features. Artefacts are dominated by ceramics decorated with ambient grooves. The bottoms of the vessels have potter\u2019s marks depicting different variations of the cross. The axe from 11th \u2013 the half of 12th century is an unique example of medieval weaponry from this region. The site in S\u0142otwina is a\u00a0single early medieval settlement near \u015awidnica that has been revealed by excavation.<\/p>\n\n Jakub R\u0105pa\u0142a, Micha\u0142 Lis Zabytki wczesno\u015bredniowieczne odkryte podczas bada\u0144 archeologicznych w zachodniej cz\u0119\u015bci wzg\u00f3rza wawelskiego w latach 2023\u20132024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The article presents the results of archaeological research conducted between 2023 and 2024 on the western slope of Wawel Hill. The text expands existing knowledge regarding the course and structure of early medieval fortifications and provides an identification of stratigraphy dated from the 10th to the 13th century. The research findings reveal the development of wood-and-earth ramparts and evidence of structural repairs. During the excavation work, remains of a settlement phase preceding the construction of the defensive fortifications were uncovered. The published site is characterized by a rich assemblage of white pottery. The study is completed by an analysis of movable finds, supplemented by statistical analysis.<\/p>\n\n Petr Rataj K ot\u00e1zce lokalizace st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho pansk\u00e9ho s\u00eddla na k. \u00fa. obce B\u00edtov<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The paper is devoted to the problem of the medieval fortification associated with the lower nobility, which was supposed to be located in the cadastre of the village of B\u00edtov (Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn district) in northern Moravia. It summarizes the existing knowledge and field observations, and states that although it is documented in written sources (mentioned as a\u00a0fortress), archaeological evidence of its existence remains rather problematic. Indeed, the 1986 and 2018 excavations carried out at the presumed location of this small medieval fortification (DSO) did not provide clear evidence that such a\u00a0structure actually stood there, despite the fact that medieval militaria and construction fittings were found at one of its possible locations.<\/p>\n\n Krzysztof Bratko Emaliowana fibula prowincjonalnorzymska z okolic Kazimierzy Wielkiej<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The article discusses a\u00a0Roman brooch, newly discovered in the vicinity of Kazimierza Wielka, \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie voivodship. The brooch was found during a\u00a0metal detector survey. One can atribute this brooch to type I.32 according to Exner\u2019s typology of Roman brooches. The distinctive features of this type are two plates decorated with triangular cells filled with enamel. The type was produced in the Danubian and Rhein regions of the Roman Empire during the 1st and the 2nd centuries AD. There are only a\u00a0few brooches of this type known to have been found in Poland. Those were recorded in child graves. Considering that another brooch of this type was found at a\u00a0nearby site in Nieprowice, one can see that this region is of a\u00a0special significance for archaeologists.<\/p>\n\n Kyrylo Myzgin, Jacek Pikulski A Unique Roman Medallion Imitation from Site 2 in Jakuszowice (\u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n This article presents the results of the most recent archaeological investigations carried out in Jakuszowice (Kazimierza Wielka District, \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Voivodeship) within the framework of the field project provisionally named the \u201cTerra Incognita\u201d expedition. The fieldwork, aimed at identifying the settlement network in the vicinity of the site, yielded a\u00a0rich and diverse assemblage of finds from the Roman period and the Migration Period, including a\u00a0unique artefact: a\u00a0bronze, gold-plated disc bearing the image of a\u00a0figure modeled on the portrait of a\u00a0Roman emperor, most likely Constantine II. Stylistic and technological analysis indicates that this is most probably a\u00a0barbarian imitation of a\u00a0Roman uniface medallion, intended to serve as a\u00a0prestigious symbol of social status. Metallurgical analysis revealed the presence of the element rhenium (Re) in the gold-plated layer, a\u00a0potentially significant indicator for future identification of the raw material source and the place of production of the artefact. Due to its uniqueness and archaeological context, this discovery sheds new light on the adoption and adaptation of elements of imperial symbolism among the elites of the Barbaricum, emphasizing the important role of the Jakuszowice microregion within the socio-settlement structures of southern Poland during the Iron Age.<\/p>\n\n Daniel Czernek Ma\u0142opolskie kr\u0105\u017cki zdobione wsp\u00f3\u0142\u015brodkowymi okr\u0119gami. Nowe odkrycia \u2013 nowe interpretacje<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The article presents the results of recent research on a\u00a0group of metal discs (so-called \u201ccircles within circles\u201d) decorated with a\u00a0stamped ornament composed of a\u00a0series of concentric rings. Since the 2024 publication (Czernek, Pikulski, Trojan 2024), the number of known specimens has increased to 122. Morphological and technological analyses allow the identification of both single- and double-sided decorated examples. Some discs show traces of secondary perforations and repairs, suggesting long-term use. In several cases, preserved wire fragments indicate possible attachment to other objects, such as belts, brooches, or harness fittings. Based on the available data, the discs can tentatively be identified as decorative or functional elements, probably parts of horse harnesses or items of dress. The distribution of finds suggests a\u00a0regional phenomenon concentrated in the central part of historical Lesser Poland. However, the continuing lack of a\u00a0precise archaeological context prevents the reliable dating of these artefacts.<\/p>\n\n Bart\u0142omiej Szymon Szmoniewski, Jacek Pikulski, Marek Trojan Metalowe okucie kalety\/torebki typu litewskiego z Zag\u00f3rzyc, st. 3, pow. Kazimierza Wielka, woj.\u015bwi\u0119tokrzyskie<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The subject of this report is a\u00a0cast fitting made of a\u00a0copper alloy, discovered during archaeological research at site 3 in Zag\u00f3rzyce, Kazimierza Wielka commune, \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie province. The artifact can be classified as a\u00a0central fitting of a\u00a0Lithuanian-type pouch\/bag, type V, variant II according to the classification by E. Svetikas (2003), and type A\u2013B according to the typology by J. Sawicki and P. Karpi\u0144ski (2017). The chronology of analogous finds from the territory of Lithuania is dated from the last quarter of the 16th century to the first half of the 17th century (Svetikas 2003).<\/p>\n\n Klaudia Bibrowska, R\u00f3\u017ca Krawczyk, Roland Mruczek Zamek Radosno \u2013 czy mo\u017cliwa jest rekonstrukcja obiektu zachowanego szcz\u0105tkowo?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The article concerns research and the possibility of reconstructing the spatial and functional layout of Radosno Castle, located in the Suchy Mountains in the municipality of Mierosz\u00f3w. The work involved analysing literature, archaeological research reports and iconographic materials. During the reconstruction work, a\u00a0number of analogies were also collected, which were referred to when recreating the final form of the castle. Key to the reconstruction was research on bergfried towers, which greatly facilitated the identification of the possible form of the structure in question. After the analyses, a\u00a0model of Radosno Castle was created with perimeter walls on a\u00a0rectangular plan, with a\u00a0residential house, a\u00a0four-sided tower and a\u00a0gatehouse in the face of the walls, and a\u00a0tower of last defence (or bergfried) located in the courtyard. As part of the work on Radosno Castle, preliminary research was also conducted on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to assist in the reconstruction of partially preserved historical buildings. To this end, various language models were asked to generate an image of Radosno Castle. The results were not always satisfactory, which confirmed the need to build comprehensive databases and to have a\u00a0wide range of experts supervise the future use of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction of historical buildings.<\/p>\n\n Julia Fia\u0142kowska, Wiktoria Fr\u0105tczak, Katarzyna Komorowska Kamienica Rynek 60 we Wroc\u0142awiu. Rekonstrukcja przemian elewacji od baroku do XXI wieku na podstawie \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 historycznych oraz sztucznej inteligencji<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The tenement house located at Rynek 60 in Wroc\u0142aw represents a\u00a0unique example, within the local context, of a\u00a0wide-fronted burgher house developed on a\u00a0full-curia foundation plot, whose parcellation structure has remained intact from the Middle Ages to the present day. This research paper attempts to reconstruct the transformations of the building\u2019s facade from the late 17th to the 21st century, focusing on identifying the style, analyzing the composition of facade elements, and reconstructing the architectural details used.<\/p>\n\n The historical reconstruction began with an analysis of archival drawing sources and scholarly literature. These sources proved to be an insufficient database for a\u00a0reliable study of the facade, particularly regarding details that could not be interpreted. Thus, the question arose: where to quickly obtain an additional source that would enable the verification of details and fit the investigated architectural context. Such a\u00a0possibility was provided by the use of a\u00a0publicly available AI model which, based on an analysis of a\u00a0database of analogous examples, can assist the architect by providing design guidelines during the reconstruction process, while still allowing room for professional critique of the results.<\/p>\n\n Does the proposed solution have the potential to become a\u00a0future tool supporting conservation and reconstruction efforts, as well as research into architectural cultural heritage? The aim of this work is not only to present the results of the analysis of the facade changes at Rynek 60, but also to invite reflection on the future use of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction process.<\/p>\n\n Krzysztof Herner Zintegrowane metody pomiarowe 3D w \u015brodowisku wyrobisk g\u00f3rniczych<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n In the second decade of the 21st century, we rely on computer memory more than ever before, which significantly increases our human capacity to remember and recall information. This digital extension also affects institutions such as museums, where digital archives are created by capturing and storing vast amounts of data. Advancing digitisation brings us solutions that were unattainable just a\u00a0few years ago. Today, thanks to solutions such as mobile laser scanning, we are able to capture the reality that surrounds us or digitise what is invisible to the naked eye \u2013 the underground. Using the example of the digitisation studio at the Coal Mining Museum in Zabrze, the article presents the GEOSLAM method in the documentation of mining excavations.<\/p>\n\n Mining tunnels and galleries constitute the primary spaces for extraction operations, where most of the underground technical infrastructure is installed. The operation and maintenance of this equipment are among the main tasks of miners, while simultaneously requiring constant monitoring of the technical condition of the workings.<\/p>\n\n The digitization of tangible heritage focuses on documenting and interpreting human experiences, history, and narratives preserved, among others, in the historical urban fabric or its remnants. Building the significance of a\u00a0given heritage in collective memory is inseparably linked to the process of its creation and its ability to survive subsequent socio-cultural transformations. Currently, the mining sector in Upper Silesia is at a\u00a0particularly critical juncture, having reached a\u00a0turning point as a\u00a0result of European Union climate policy. Although the fate of most mining plants has already been sealed, the memory of them should be preserved through reliable and systematic documentation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n Sebastian Tyszczuk, Marcin Lewandowski Wybrane przyk\u0142ady wykorzystania proporcji geometrycznych przy lokalizacji po\u0142o\u017cenia otwor\u00f3w oraz dobierania \u015brednicy wiert\u0142a jako przes\u0142anka do typologii wytw\u00f3rczej kamiennych topor\u00f3w okresu neolitu \u2013 analiza metryczna na bazie pomiar\u00f3w 3D<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The location of the shaft hole in Neolithic stone axes has traditionally been treated primarily as a\u00a0descriptive feature and only rarely as an independent typological criterion. Although earlier classifications (including those by Machnik, Libera and Sobieraj) acknowledged the variability in the placement and drilling methods of the holes, the absence of precise measurement tools prevented a\u00a0detailed analysis of this attribute. Quantitative approaches to axe proportions, such as those proposed by Bronicki and Kadrow, did not include an in\u2011depth assessment of hole position. Only the introduction of 3D scanning technologies has enabled accurate determination of geometric parameters, including the placement of the shaft hole as a\u00a0potentially significant classificatory feature. The aim of this article is to present the results of such analyses and to propose a\u00a0new typology of Neolithic axes based on the method of locating the hole on the preform\u2014an approach grounded in manufacturing practices and complementary to existing stylistic and morphological classifications.<\/p>\n\n Ewa Lisowska Kronika 2025: Szcz\u0105tki rakiety Falcon 9 spad\u0142y przy grodzisku wczesno\u015bredniowiecznym w S\u0119dzinku<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n In February 2025, fragments of a\u00a0Falcon 9 rocket, following an unsuccessful deorbiting maneuver, fell onto the area of an early medieval stronghold in S\u0119dzinko (Greater Poland). This unprecedented incident revealed the absence of procedures for protecting archaeological heritage from damage caused by space objects, whose number in Earth\u2019s orbit continues to grow. The article discusses the course of the event, its legal context, and the need to develop regulations safeguarding archaeological sites against emerging risks associated with intensified space activity.<\/p>\n\n Natalia Sawicka Biblioteka to nie tylko ksi\u0105\u017cki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n The article presents the activities of the Library of the Institute of Archaeology at the University of Wroc\u0142aw in 2025, highlighting its role as a\u00a0space for social engagement and academic community building. The initiatives described\u2014such as the Valentine\u2019s postal project, participation in the university-wide \u201cObieg\u00f3wka\u201d game, the \u201cLibrary Walks\u201d series, workshops on creating archaeology-themed Christmas ornaments, and the installation of a\u00a0large recycled-paper chain\u2014illustrate grassroots efforts carried out without external funding. The text emphasizes the library\u2019s function as a\u00a0place that fosters collaboration among students, staff, and alumni, while promoting archaeology through educational and integrative events.<\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Contents of the Issue Sylwia Rodak, Ewa Lisowska Osada z m\u0142odszych faz wczesnego \u015bredniowiecza w S\u0142otwinie, pow. \u015awidnicki The paper presents the results of excavation of a\u00a0settlement from the 11th-12th centuries unearthed in S\u0142otwina near \u015awidnica in Lower Silesia. 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